What distinguishes mitosis from meiosis?

The distinction that makes the correct answer significant lies in the role of meiosis in increasing genetic variability in the resulting gametes. Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that occurs in the production of gametes (sperm and eggs) and introduces genetic diversity through processes such as crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes. This genetic variability is crucial for evolution and adaptation in sexually reproducing organisms.

In contrast, mitosis is a form of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, serving primarily for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Mitosis does not contribute significantly to genetic variation, as the daughter cells are clones of the parent cell. Understanding this fundamental difference highlights the importance of meiosis in sexual reproduction and its evolutionary significance.