What triggers the germination process in seeds?

Water absorption is the primary trigger that initiates the germination process in seeds. When seeds are dry, they enter a dormant state, where metabolic processes are minimized. However, once they are exposed to moisture, water is absorbed through the seed coat, leading to several physiological changes within the seed.

The absorption of water rehydrates the seed tissue and activates enzymes that begin the process of breaking down stored nutrients, which provides the necessary energy for growth. This metabolic activation also leads to the triggering of the cells' division and expansion, culminating in the emergence of the seedling from the seed.

While other factors, such as light, temperature, and air exposure, can influence the overall timing and success of seed germination, it is the initial absorption of water that is essential for starting the germination process. Without sufficient moisture, seeds remain dormant and unable to grow, irrespective of other environmental conditions.